Reviews by arkkangabriel

Xavier Gens, director of the wonderful Frontiers and sidereal Hitman truño back last year with this shocking The Divide, generating many conflicting views in the last festival of Sitges.? Genius or joke?
I opted for the first two hours opcion.Vaya Pegaditas the armchair to experience the other dia.Impagables.

Just as in the movie starts Frontiers so caotica.Una series of explosions forced a group of neighbors to lower refuge in a bunker to the enigmatic character of Michael Biehn created under the building where they live.
From there, hell.
"Man is wolf to man." A phrase that comes in handy to The Divide.La movie is harsh, cruel, an ode to pesimismo.Pone shown how we can be assholes overvoltage situations where survival takes on a role.
The actors are perfect, especially Michael Biehn, Milo Ventimiglia, and Lauren German.
The soundtrack is also very good and perfectly accompanies the shocking sequences that populate the film:

The French action film, far from co-productions like the Transporter series, is usually quite limited in terms of inventiveness. To try to renew the genre are already Americans. Specifically is perhaps Luc Besson (coincidentally also the architect of the aforementioned trilogy) the more committed European who move to a more suitable spot. Virtually any action film "made in Europe" seems to pass through his hands.
Replacing Jason Statham as a hero, may sound quite trite, Besson has chosen to take another Briton, Guy Pearce, rare tape of the genre, but has made his first steps. The actor does not develop bad at all (not that much is required) and hopefully you see the tables and try to build a rogue character, ironic, somewhat rebellious, but deep commitment to what he does.
His "pole" is always fragile opposite Maggie Grace (who'll be seen opposite Liam Neeson in Revenge 2: Connecting Istanbul). His role leaves no doubt that it is practically the hook of the film. A woman must become more human and, to achieve what they never even think could achieve. It's not much, but at least it's correct place.
MS1: Maximum security meets clichés, platitudes and little shocking scenes (also interesting) that could make it a curious production, at least interesting to watch. Assuming that your story would to tape something more elaborate, the film does not go away after a dizzying paths and presentation puts us in a position to minute.
Technically, we are not just at a prodigy in terms of special effects (very forgettable the motorcycle chase, closer to a video game to film), but the action scenes are well resolved and even some footage in space outside could also weigh some unknown American productions punteras.Los Mather and St. Leger, virtually debut in cinema with this pastiche of action where either lack the effort that it is not all in one simple hodgepodge of scenes of shootings, fights and others. At least can become a tape to see, hang out and forget about it. Nor is their intention to pass into history.

The plot revolves around a prison experimental MS1 located in the space and which are the most dangerous prisoner planet. To prevent possible riots are put in a state of "lethargy" that do not cause any problems. All goes well until there is the daughter of U.S. President to check the effects hibernation leave convicts. That's when there is a riot of such dimensions that need the help of "Snow" a convict accused of espionage (Guy Pearce), to save the President's daughter.

Regarding the cast, there is no doubt that the entire burden is on Guy Pearce ("Prometheus", 2012) who plays Marion Snow, a former government agent accused of a crime he did not commit. With a burly physique and great skill and intelligence to successfully achieve what is proposed, will have to save the President's daughter if you want your accusations are erased. Joseph Gilgun ("Misfits", 2009) brings to life a psychopath uncontrolled Hydell to abide by the orders of his brother Alex, the prisoner who lead the mutiny. Correct interpretation of achieving Gilgun characterize a heinous and barbaric character.

Remarkable is the opening sequence (which also appears in the trailer) that appears in the foreground Pearce that appear in the credits as will be beaten by swearing that come to mind. Also within and without you would be very strict, the few outer space sequences are viewed as assemblies or modules MS1 own view from outside, are very well done.

Fun Facts:
• Captain America: The First Avenger focuses on the early days of the Marvel universe that was later inhabited by heroes like Iron Man, Hulk and Thor.
• Captain America first appeared in a comic book in March 1941, eight months before the United States entered World War II.
The magazine cover was the young hero with the American flag on his chest jaw hitting Adolf Hitler. This picture created problems for their creators Joe Simon and Jack Kirby.
In 1941 the creators of the comic book worked backwards, starting with the villain and inventing a hero in response when the hero is usually first.
• Simon and Kirby designed several versions of Captain America finally choosing one you liked Marvel founder Martin Goodman in 1939.
 In 1963 Marvel Comics published The Avengers, a group of four Marvel superheroes: Iron Man, Thor, Hulk and Captain America.
• Captain America was created two decades earlier than the other three super heroes who were created in the 1960s.
Since its debut has sold over 210 million copies of comic books Captain America in over 70 countries.
 Marvel Studios presents by reason of its 70th anniversary the story of how Steve Rogers became the first Avenger, Captain America.
• The screenwriters Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely have written scripts for 15 years, including three films from The Chronicles of Narnia and were selected to write this film.
Joe Johnson who shared an Oscar for best visual effects for Raiders of the Lost Ark, using the technical aspects for this movie.
• The writers read all the comic books published by Marvel Captain America appears to write the story.
hris Evans focused on how the comic was the transformation of Captain America to interpret.
• For the role of Dum Dum Dugan, Neal McDonough actor had to gain weight for the role of the obese character, had to eat lots of chocolate cakes.
• The designer Ryan Meinerding and costume designer Anna B.Shepperd, taking as reference the 70 years of comic books to find a balance that would satisfy fans.
• Anna B Sheppard has credits on films like Schindler's List, The Informant, The Pianist, Inglourious Basterds.
Chris Evans had to train physically for weeks to achieve physical perfection.
• To characterize the actor Hugo Weaving as Red Skull, had to create a mold of his face to make a prosthesis in order to get the look without appearing bone Johann had burned.
• It took about 3 ½ hours a day to put the prosthesis for interpretation Hugo Weaving as Red Skull. Computer graphics images were used to apply the final details and remove the nose of Weaving. Seven pieces used silicone covers that applied to your skin, and then aggregated painting and makeup.
Hugo Weaving worked between 14 and 15 hours a day with prosthetics on his face.
• The fabric for the costume of Captain America was ballistic nylon, a nylon fabric reinforced rubber covered durable, strong and capable of containing saturated colors and ease of movement
The shield is a creative design and illustrator Joe Simon, and is built with vibranium (a metal fictional Marvel universe) that is stronger than steel but much lighter. The material has the ability to absorb all the vibrations around them, so when it hits the shield, there are no repercussions.
• Four different shields are manufactured and used during shooting, the original or hero, one light, one of rubber and another rubber thin soft and all were used in different ways. Chris used the original for close-ups and alternated between the other three shields, depending on what is needed at the scene.
• Captain America: The First Avenger was filmed largely in the UK, at Shepperton Studios in Surrey and on location in Manchestar and Liverpool, Caerwent in Wales, Aldershot, Black Park in Buckinghamshire and studies in London and Hackney Empire Pinewood in Buckinghamshire.
 Production designer Rick Heinrichs, who also work in The Wolfman, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest and At World's End, and awarded the Oscar for The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, adapted to the British foreign places often do Americans, using alterations and additions practices and scans.
Anna Sheppard designed the costumes for the entire cast and more than 300 extras in some scenes.
• The military adviser Billy Budd, with over 15 years experience in the Royal Navy helped all players teaching them how to use weapons and military equipment.
The filmmakers also joined military personnel in high-action scenes.
• They got weapons of World War II.
• The stunt coordinator Steve Den helped sequences security and helped create the exploits of Captain America, including foot chase at high speed after processing.
• The special effects supervisor Christopher Townsend created the look of Steve Rogers before his transformation into a skinny man, slimming from his face, head, using a thinner body double.
Hayley Atwell (Peggy Carter) is also an ex-husband rigorously trained to shoot a gun as credibly as a machine gun.
It has a library of over 8,000 characters.
Since 1988 Marvel's films have grossed over $ 6.5 billion.
• Marvel Entertainment is currently working on The Avengers, Iron Man 3, Spider-Man 4, Deadpool and Ant-Man.

Fun Facts:
• For Cowboys & Aliens, advised the filmmakers with Scott Rushforth, a teacher versed in the history and customs of the Chicahua State University of New Mexico and Enjady Oliver, an Apache Mescalero Apache Reservation.
• Producers also inviting the Mescalero southern New Mexico, Native Americans hired nationwide.
• Where land hostile invaders, is the territory of New Mexico in 1875. At the time the Civil War had ended recently in the American west, Aboriginal Apaches, Navajos and others fought against the expansion of the settlers on their land.
• Olivia Wilde, Keith Carradine and Ana de la Reguera, decided to shoot her scenes in which the link and the aliens abduct and for that were trained by the stunt coordinator Tommy Harper.
The actors are numerous and riding scenes during the test period were trained on the horses to many hours would the following three months. Riders coach Clay Lilly worked with stakeholders to carefully pick a horse for each of them.
• The dog that reaches Absolution is played by two Australian Shepherds named Dart and Arrow, both trained by Eadie McMullen.
To help create the atmosphere of the old American West, were used more than 100 horses, cattle, sheep, goats and rats, the same as a Eurasian owl appears briefly in the steamer.
• In the 1870's the laundry or an extra set was a luxury. The production required 14 copies of each outfit, many of which had to do more dirty and worn as the plot progressed.
• For her, there were 17 copies of her two dresses.
• 10 people were devoted to old clothes.
Absolution scenes were filmed at the Bonanza Creek Ranch southwest of Santa Fe, a ranch of several thousand acres.
• Production established its base in the city of Santa Fe, where the company filmed for three months across thousands of acres in northern New Mexico.
Several scenes were filmed at Rancho San Cristobal, 35 miles south of Santa Fe
• Among the locations are in the sights of San Cristobal, Santa Clara town, the banks of the Rio Grande, Lake Abiqui and Plaza Blanca in the hills of the Chama River Valley in upstate.
To film the first attack of the alien invaders, the company brought cattle, double and a variety of film crew.
• joined the cast over 30 doubles and women, 23 horses, two dogs, a goat and two dozen extras.
• There was an array of cranes, cables and lights. Suspended in cars from over 300 tons of construction cranes had sophisticated laser lights that moved synchronously as explosions detonated around skilled riders on horses specially trained to work with pyrotechnics and loud noises.
At both ends there were 14 additional towers 80 feet tall with light boards.
• Shane Mahan was commissioned to design the aliens, part insect, part amphibian, part sea creature.
• Instead of creating a costume that someone uses, Shane Mahan created a complex set of multifunctional gear interchangeable parts. The result was a monster of 8 feet tall with a head that moves to remote and limbs protruding from his torso during some of his encounters with humans.
The visual effects were achieved largely by the supervisor Roger Guyett of Industrial Light & Magic of Lucasfilm.
• Companies The Embassy Visual Effects, Ghost FX, Fuel VFX, The Garage VFX and FX Shade VFX created additional.
• Studies and Kerner Optical New Deal created models and miniatures.
Cast:
Daniel Craig - Jake Lonergan
Harrison Ford - Col. Woodrow Dolarhyde
Olivia Wilde - Ella
Sam Rockwell - Doc
Adam Beach - Nat Colorado
Paul Dano - Percy Dolarhyde
Noah Ringer - Emmett Taggart
Ana de la Reguera - Maria
Adam Beach - Nat Colorado
Clancy Brown - Meacham Pastor
Keith Carradine - Sheriff John Taggart

TECHNICAL:
Director: Jon Favreau
Producer: Brian Grazer, Ron Howard, Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci, Scott Mitchell Rosenberg
Executive producers: Steven Spielberg, Jon Favreau, Denis L. Stewart, Bobby Cohen, Randy Greenberg, Ryan Kavanaugh
Plot: Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby and Steve Oedekerk
Screenplay: Roberto Orci & Alex Kurtzzman & Damon Lindelof and Fergus & Hawk Ostby Markus
Music: Harry Gregson-Williams
Costume Designer: Mary Zophres
Film Editor: Dan Lebenthal, Jim May
Production Designer: Scott Chambliss
Cinematography: Matthew Libatique

Fun Facts:
In July 2009, Kurtzman and Orci were found in the convention Comic-Con with Jon Fabreau (who directed Iron Man and Iron Man 2) and gave him the script to read.
• After returning to Los Angeles to meet with Spielberg, Howard and Grazer, Favreau agreed to direct the film.
• Spielberg showed 'more heart than hate' from John Ford to see the elements that gave success to cowboy films.
• To play Jake Lonergan, the lone stranger, was chosen British actor Daniel Craig, best known for his role as James Bond in Casino Royale and Quantum 007.
Daniel Craig said he based his character in Clint Eastwood in their hundreds of cowboys and John Wayne, his favorite being that of 'Little Big Man'.
• One of the latest was hired actors Harrison Ford, who plays Woodrow Dolarhyde, a wealthy and powerful landowner and farmer of Absolution. Harrison Ford is associated with characters from Indiana Jones and Han Solo.
• A Harrison Ford was interested in the look of the old American West in 1875, where they had no knowledge of space travel and aliens, but the only explanation is the one that gives the pastor the people that aliens are demons.
• For her role, the filmmakers needed an actress who could be strong and mysterious found in Olivia Wilde, who has appeared on the TV show House, and has acted in movies like Tron: Legacy. The production designer Scott Chambliss was inspired by the American artist Lee Bontecou.
• The technology of the invaders is from a ship that looks like a giant flying insect with 10 wings extending metal with long tentacles like whips to capture their prey with their claws.
The maze of tunnels where aliens conduct their experiments, was built in a forum planned as the underground area of ​​the desert of New Mexico where the alien spaceship lands are developed and where the final battle scenes.
• The Forum 27 is built a vessel propelled by steam turbines that are face down in the desert, where you have the first face to face with an alien.
• After studying steamboats, conceptual artists drew illustrations to demonstrate how a ship would be intact. Based on the structure built molds upside down on the forum and then equipped with furniture, casino tables, chandeliers, chairs and tables then had to destroy part.
• In Universal Studios, Chambliss and colleagues worked for months on the forum 19.200 square feet 6 building a series of tunnels.
• The Forum 27 is built a vessel propelled by steam turbines that are face down in the desert, where you have the first face to face with an alien.
• After studying steamboats, conceptual artists drew illustrations to demonstrate how a ship would be intact. Based on the structure built molds upside down on the forum and then equipped with furniture, casino tables, chandeliers, chairs and tables then had to destroy part.
• It is based on the Chiricahua who were one of the last tribes of Native Americans. In 1886 were only several dozen men, women and children. However, under the direction of Jerome, this group was one of the strongest resistance to the governments of United States and Mexico. Those not killed were taken away from their land and taken or imprisoned on the other side of the country, where many perished.
• The weapon that Colonel Woodrow Dolarhyde used was a Uberti Colt 1873 Army.
Thell Reed is one of the top coaches in the old west guns who trained Hollywood actors weeks before shooting.
• The bracelet using Jake, is a powerful weapon and is a combination of research and imagination was invented. Its surface is steel and clockwork, is something that would not be in the American West, 1875. Some weapon movements are enhanced with computer graphics images.

Fun Facts:
In the 14 years since Rosenberg published the graphic novel Cowboys & Aliens, many have tried to bring this combination of genres to the big screen.
• The story was written by Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby were writers of Iron Man and Steve Oedekerk in Almighty.
• Mark Fergus and Hawk Ostby share credit for the end of the movie script.
• Kurtzman and Orci have proven exceptional writers Transformers, Mission Impossible III and Star Trek. Lindelof and as a writer of the television series Lost and producer of Star Trek.

Fun Facts:
• The film rights of Cowboys & Aliens graphic novel by Scott Mitchell Rosenberg, were acquired before it was published.
• The project had to wait until 2008, Spielberg teamed with Imagine Entertainment for the finishing touches were made to the script.
• The cover of the graphic novel loved producer Ron Howard showing inhabitants of the old west to face alien invaders.
• The Rosenberg graphic novel describes an invasion in the American West in the late silo 19.

Soren (Jim Sturgess) is a young, adventurous Tyto Alba who loves to hear the stories of his father, Noctus (Hugo Weaving) about the legend of "Guardians of Ga'Hoole", a legendary alliance of owls dedicated to doing good works for the kingdom of these. His younger sister Eglantine (Adrienne deFaria) is fascinated by these stories, but his older brother, Kludd (Ryan Kwanten), is jealous of the attention Soren receives. One night, while branching, Soren and Kludd accidentally fall out of your tree. They are attacked by a Tasmanian devil and then captured by two owls working for the evil-Metalbeak-Metal Beak (Joel Edgerton) and his partner Nyra (Helen Mirren). Still caught in the claws of owls, they soon found a huge group of workers Metalbeak with other young owls in their claws; Soren Gylfie knows the Elf Owl (Emily Barclay) who lived in the desert. They are taken to the St. Aegolius Academy for Orphaned Owls, and Nyra arrives and makes a speech to the kidnapped owls, explaining that their families have abandoned them and that Metalbeak of "the Pure" is his new family. Tytos Metalbeak believes are pure and strong, and deserve reign. These owls are encouraged to show strength and cruelty, and as such should be trained as soldiers, while the rest will be "pickers", where you should look for in a metal pellet called nuggets. Gylfie oppose Soren and therefore are sent to be pickers, Nyra Soren explained that his brother Kludd is and therefore he should be collecting. Kludd denies his brother, which pleases Nyra and goes with Tytos.
Collectors make them sleep in the glow of the full moon, while repeating their names. Soren explained Gylfie being "blinded by the moon" and asserts that induces a kind of hypnotic state. Gylfie Soren and help keep the other awake all night to avoid that fate. As predicted, the owls were docile and seemed dazed zombie the next morning, Soren and Gylfie tried to imitate obfuscated birds, but Grimble notices his strange behavior. Collectors pelletorium take them to where his job was to take different pellet in search of nuggets, which (by mass) generates a strong magnetic field that inflicts pain owls and therefore used the bats (which are immune to effect).
Gylfie Soren and make plans to escape, but their plan is interrupted by Grimble (also Hugo Weaving) and go at your library. Grimble reveals that his family was taken hostage for his good behavior, and he has been waiting for owlets clever enough to avoid blurring of the moon, would teach them to fly and send them to warn of the Guardians of Ga'Hoole Metalbeak plans.
Meanwhile, Kludd and other various Tytos are being trained by Nyra. With the success of Kludd by aerial hunting exercise, Nyra suggests that you try to convince Soren to join the Pure. Nyra and Kludd catch Grimble amid a flying lesson, forcing Grimble to fight the Pure to buy time for Soren and Gylfie escape. Soren Kludd asked to come with them, but he refuses. While the Pure kill Grimble, Soren and Gylfie are forced to jump over the cliff edge and escape through a small crack between two giants edges.
Lost, tired and slightly injured, the two owls meet a quirky Burrowing Owl-Digger-Digger (David Wenham), and the great gray owl, Twilight, Twilight (Anthony LaPaglia), who considers himself a poet. They unexpectedly met with Mrs. Plithiver (Miriam Margolyes), Soren's nurse, that Twilight had captured as dinner. After hearing the story of Soren, they agree to go towards the Sea of ​​Hoolemere, where is the island of the Great Ga'Hoole Tree.
Kludd, under the orders of Nyra, carried to San Aeogolius Eglantine. They are witnesses Metalbeak speech to a large group of cigars with red eyes. When Eglantine shows resistance to the blandishments of Kludd, forces her to sleep under the gaze of the full moon, which flashes in it.
Soren and the band are harassed by crows on the way to the sea, and nearly lose Twilight's lute, in which Mrs. Plithiver is mounted. The battle takes them to the shore of the Sea of ​​Hoolemere and the home of a Echidna (Barry Otto) mystic crows deliberately led them to the meeting so that the Echidna could give their benchmarks for the Great Tree. In the distance, over the ocean, the group encounters a fierce hurricane, and his strength fell. As Digger falls towards the sea, is rescued by a pair of huge armored helmets Snowy owl (specifically Boron, King of Hoole, and his wife, Queen Barran), both Guardians of Ga'Hoole. They carry the band through the storm and the Great Tree.
They and the senior officers of Ga'Hoole Soren hear of the council. The leader of the search and rescue squad, Allomere (Sam Neill), expresses doubts about Soren's story, but with battle scars Ezylryb defends him and Boron eventually agrees to send a scouting party to St. Aegolious.
Gylfie Soren and begin their training. Ezylryb leads them to learn "really fly" with a powerful storm to teach young owls how to use the wind currents in its favor. Soren briefly becomes expert in the art of flying by instinct, although it loses control when start trying to think about what I was doing. After the lesson, Soren Ezylryb takes its recess to discuss the lesson. Once there, he discovers that Ezylryb Soren is actually the legendary warrior Lyze of Kiel, the story that Lyze Metalbeak defeat had been a favorite of Soren.
When soldiers arrive Allomere and Metalbeak camp, they are ambushed by the Pure and energy of the seeds is used against them. Allomere scarcely escapes, carrying two obfuscated owls, one of which was Eglantine. With this test, the guardians make war against the Pure. Soren reluctantly stays to care Eglantine, and gets excited when he finally awakens. However, she tells Soren that Kludd gave it to Allomere to bring her back, suggesting that Metalbeak, Nyra, and Kludd planned ambush. Soren and the band fly to warn the Guardians of cheating and betrayal Allomere.
When the Guardians arrive in San Aegolious, are drawn into a trap; Allomere back at the last moment and the Pure Ones unleash the power of the pips against the Guardians, leaving the owls irreparably weakened in the soil. Soren and the band arrive minutes late, like Metalbeak and Nyra send bats to end the Guardians disabled. Soren hatches a hasty plan and sends Twilight, Digger and Gylfie to contain bats. Soren is a metal teapot filled with a tar-like substance and plunges into the fire of a fire in a forest in order to turn it on. Meanwhile Allomere reveals that betrayed the Guardians Metalbeak promising to make him the new king of the tree, but Metalbeak betrays him and orders him to kill several bats, saying "Sorry Allomere But there is only room for a king! '
Soren is immersed in the magnetic field of the seeds to drop the flaming pan on the mechanism that holds open the lids on the nuggets, the fire burns through the ropes and hit the caps fall, freeing the Guardians. With his plan disrupted, sends Metalbeak Pure Ones into battle. Metalbeak Ezylryb and put on guard and Soren and Kludd. Kludd attacks with its wing over Soren eventually fall to the forest fire, but Kludd breaks his wing on a branch. Hanging over the flames, Soren tries to save him, but as he tries to take up his leg, Soren Kludd tries to throw in the fire. When you try, you break the branch that holds Kludd, and falls into place. At the end of the duel with his brother, Soren sees Metalbeak and Nyra Ezylryb attack. He gets angry and flies away with a burning branch to attack. You're just in time to save the life of Metalbeak Ezylryb and attack with the burning branch. The veteran warlord easily dominates Soren, but it relies too and Soren finally manages to ram through the branch with Metalbeak fire when this was going to ram, killing him. Nyra startled orders the rest of the Pure to leave.
They return to the big tree with all the owls and Soren is embraced by Eglantine and his parents. Soren, Gylfie, Twilight and Digger become guardians of Ga'Hoole. In the epilogue, Soren reveals that Kludd's body was never found and Nyra is hidden with the rest of the Pure, hinting at a sequel. Also shown Kludd looking Metalbeak body and mask, now with red eyes. The film ends with Ezylryb and the band will fly to another storm.

Traditionally, the Darwinian theory is based on the premise that the entire evolution of humanity has been rising in stages, ie, each step was better than the last and at the peak of this development places the human Current. It is based on the struggle for life, in which people will be less well adapted to become extinct.

Against this view arises contingency theory, advocated by, among others, Richard Leakey. This places the random process of evolution, extinction of a species depends not only on its adaptation to the environment in which he lives but how lucky we are. Thus evolution becomes completely unpredictable.

One of the key factors leading to differentiate ourselves as a family in primates is our method of locomotion, bipedalism. The evolutionary mutation quadrupedal to bipedal walking necessitated extensive remodeling of bone architecture and simian muscle and general proportions of the lower body. Bipedalism is associated with the advantage of the release of the hands in the task of scrolling, but there have been two trends.

Traditionally there is a conception of human evolution gradually ascending the multiregional model proposes that all modern humans are the evolution of different erectus who settled in each area and the common origin is in Africa more than 1 m

The alternative model, which is decanted Richard Leakey, is the Ark of Noah. He argues that Homo sapiens sapiens originated as a single event in a population and geographic isolation from there spread to other areas. It is based on molecular biology studies of human mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondria are human cells that meet a specific and are only transmitted via the mother. In this transmission mutated mitochondria that accumulate in each of the transmissions and are accumulated in the DNA. The greater the similarity in DNA the greater the similarity of evolutionary relatedness.

This way you can set a women's evolution tree that leads to the base of origin. As a result of the study found that all populations had a very similar DNA and therefore had to have a common origin. The variability of African mitochondrial DNA was more varied, which means that our origin in Africa.

Thus mutations are DNA-level changes that generate evolution ..

In biology and genetics, mutation is an alteration or change in the genetic information (genotype) of a living being and that, therefore, will produce a change in the pattern that occurs suddenly and spontaneously, and which can be transmitted or inherit to the offspring. The genetic unit is able to mutate the gene is the unit of hereditary information that is part of the DNA. In multicellular beings, mutations can be inherited only when they affect the reproductive cells.
Biological evolution is a continuous process of transformation of species through changes in successive generations, and that is reflected in the change of allele frequencies in a population.
Charles Darwin, father of the theory of evolution by natural selection. Generally any process known to evolution in time of change.

All evolution is due to a mutation. But not every change is an evolution of the species. In fact the opposite is usually are countless and the diseases they cause.

Cancer is a mutation of the adult cells that fail to fulfill their fundamental role multipicarse and without control.

An extra chromosome to fertilize the egg (in this case the number 21) is the cause of Down syndrome

An error in the copy of chromosome 3 is responsible for achondroplasia / dwarfism

Other mutations may already be present in our genetic code for generations and inherited as recessive genes that may appear every few generations.

Different is the case of inherited diseases such as:
heart problems
deafness
high pressure
diabetes
asthma
various mental illnesses
and a long long etc.

Reason why in all cultures of the world find the incest taboo but because these diseases often occur in the offspring.

A serious evolution instead a healthy dominant gene that prevents such diseases.

If there is no medicine today all people genetically prone to these diseases have died so only those with the healthy gene (or at least resistant) would live and would be talking about an evolution of the species.

Back this gene may be a recent mutation or be present for generations before and could never prove useful.

It is by this that things like X-Men movie is a total farce because first it is impossible in a single generation of mutations as important (and different from family) and I dare say ignorance, but each one such mutant "evolved" should be hundreds of thousands of dead, diseased, and useless for genetic diseases (if not millions)